Breast cancer is an extremely complex disease that is hard to combat. It can come from almost anywhere and in any form. Although there has been much research, many women still don’t quite understand what it is, how it’s different from other forms of cancer, and how it is treated. Here is a simple guide that explains breast cancer diagnosis and treatment.
Diagnosis
The following tests and methods are used to diagnose breast cancer:
Breast Exam
The doctor checks for lumps or other abnormalities in both the breasts and the lymph nodes in one’s armpit.
Mammogram
Breast cancer screening is often done via mammograms. Mammograms are X-rays that are used to assess the breast. If screening mammography reveals an abnormality, the doctor may recommend a diagnostic mammogram to examine further.
Ultrasound
Doctors use ultrasound imaging to create pictures of internal organs and structures. An ultrasound can determine if a new breast lump is a solid mass or a fluid-filled cyst.
Biopsy
The only way to be entirely sure if a person has breast cancer is to have a biopsy. Doctors use biopsies to remove tissue samples from suspicious areas. Biopsy samples are sent to a lab for testing, and experts evaluate whether the cells are cancerous. A biopsy sample is also examined to establish the type of cells that make up the cancerous mass, the grade of the cancer, and whether the cancer cells have hormone receptors or other receptors that could affect one’s treatment options.
MRI
An MRI machine creates images of the interior of one’s breast using a magnet and radio waves. Unlike other imaging tests, an MRI uses magnetic fields instead of radiation to create images. A person will be given a dye injection before the breast MRI.
Treatment
A doctor assesses the treatment options for breast cancer based on the type of cancer, its stage, grade, and size, and whether the cancer cells are hormone-sensitive. The healthcare professional will also consider the patient’s general health and personal preferences.
Many women with breast cancer undergo surgery, and many of them also receive extra treatment later, such as chemotherapy, hormone therapy, or radiation. Chemotherapy may also be given before surgery in some cases.
There are several therapy options for breast cancer, and one may feel overwhelmed as they make tough treatment decisions. Given this, we recommend speaking with other women who have made similar choices. Also, consider consulting a specialist at a breast center or clinic for a second opinion.
