Asthma is a condition that causes the airways in the lungs to swell and narrow. This can make breathing harder, trigger coughing, and cause excess mucus. People with asthma also experience a wheezing or whistling sound when they breathe out. For some people, their asthma symptoms are only a minor nuisance. But for many others, their symptoms can be a problem and can keep them from partaking in daily activities. While asthma cannot be cured, its symptoms can often be controlled or eased. Because the severity and symptoms of asthma often change with time, it’s important that people work with their doctors to adjust the treatment as needed.
Symptoms of Asthma
Asthma symptoms vary widely from person to person; some have infrequent attacks, while others only have them regularly. The signs and symptoms of asthma include:
Shortness of breath
Wheezing when exhaling
Chest tightness or pain
Trouble falling asleep as a result of coughing, wheezing, or shortness of breath
Wheezing attacks or coughing that can become worse when one is suffering from a cold or the flu
Some people find that their asthma symptoms only flare up in particular situations. For instance:
Exercise-induced asthma is usually made worse when the air is dry and cold
Occupational asthma is triggered by irritants in the workplace such as gasses, dust, and fumes
Allergy-induced asthma is triggered by airborne substances like dander, pollen, mold spores, etc.
Causes of Asthma
It’s unclear why some people get asthma when many others don’t. But studies have indicated that this is probably due to a combination of inherited genetic factors and environmental triggers. Some of the causes or triggers for asthma include:
Airborne allergens like dust mites, pollen, pet dander, and mold spores
Respiratory infections, like the flu or common cold
Cold air
Physical activity
Medications (especially beta-blockers, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and aspirin)
Stress and strong emotions
Preservatives and sulfites
GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)
Risk Factors
Certain factors that could in fact increase one’s chances of developing the symptoms of asthma include:
Having a close blood relative with asthma
Having another allergic condition
Being a smoker or being exposed to secondhand smoke
Being overweight
Being exposed to exhaust fumes or chemicals
